Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the sun harnessed using various technologies such as solar panels, solar thermal systems, and photovoltaic cells. As a renewable and sustainable energy source, it plays a crucial role in reducing reliance on fossil fuels and minimizing environmental pollution. Solar power is captured through two main methods: photovoltaic (PV) systems, which convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor materials, and solar thermal systems, which use sunlight to heat water or air for residential or industrial use. Solar energy is abundant, inexhaustible, and available worldwide, making it a key solution for combating climate change and energy shortages. The benefits of solar energy include lower electricity bills, reduced carbon emissions, and minimal maintenance costs. However, challenges such as high initial installation costs, dependence on weather conditions, and the need for energy storage solutions remain